These controversies regarding the relationships among the citizenship pressure, OCBs and CCBs could be due to ways that OCBs are calculated. From the literature, OCBs have generally been defined as spontaneous behaviours and rated by colleagues or leaders (e.g.two). Other-rated measurements are struggling to discover the behavioural motivations fundamental OCBs1,11. https://www.youtube.com/shorts/ZsO9iQ1SGS4